Horse Harness Naming in Yakut (as compared to Mongolic languages)

   The paper analyzes and describes the lexico-semantic groups (further, LSG) “Horse harness” in Yakut in comparison to Khalkha-Mongolian, Buryat, and Kalmyk.

   The purpose of the study is to introduce horse harness naming in academic use in the comparative and comparative-historical aspects.

   Material from the Mongolic languages was used to compare and identify common terms and establish their Turkic and Mongolian stems. The material of the study was selected from the corresponding dictionaries; it also includes field records collected from informants during expeditions to Mongolia and Buryatia. The main methods are descriptive, comparative, comparative-historical, and that of continuous sampling. The analysis allowed us to determine the structure and semantics of the considered lexical units, to identify a significant number of similarities and differences in Yakut and Mongolic languages. The Yakut, Khalkha-Mongolian, Buryat and Kalmyk material showed both Turkic-Mongolic and Turkic layers common for the analyzed languages. At the same time, for Yakut the Russian layer was revealed. The analyzed material allows us to speak about the features of the Yakut language that distinguish it from other Turkic languages, and Buryat from all Mongolic languages, as well as about what brings the Yakut language closer to Buryat. Out of the 38 lexical units of the LSG «Horse Harness» in modern Yakut, the comparative analysis has revealed 9 units representing Mongolian parallels, most of which presumably penetrated from the Old Mongolian language in the pre-literate period. Interestingly, the phonetic structure of some of them makes it possible to attribute them to the earliest Yakut-Mongolian contacts.

1. Antonov, N. K. Material on historic Yakut vocabulary. Yakutsk, 1971. 173 p. (in Russ.)

2. Balzhinimaeva, B. D. Traditional craft vocabulary in Mongolic languages: a comparative historical aspect. Elista: Publishing House Dzhangar, 2018. 198 p. (in Russ.)

3. Dyachkovskiy, F. N., Popova, N. I., Trofimova, S. M. Word formation of the vocabulary of traditional clothing of the Sakha people. Advances in the Humanities, 2020, no. 1, pp. 216–222. (in Russ.)

4. Dyachkovskiy, F. N., Popova, N. I., Tazranova, A. R., Trofimova, S. M., Shirobokova, N. N. Gastronomic vocabulary (dairy) in the Turkic languages of Siberia. Tomsk Journal LING & ANTHRO, 2021, vol. 1(31), pp. 9–20. (in Russ.)

5. Sacred Yakut horse. Yakutsk: Bichik, 2011. 184 p. (in Yakut and Russ.)

6. History of Yakutia: in 3 Vols. Government of Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Institute for Humanities Research and Problems of Indigenous Peoples aof the North SB RAS. Eds A. N. Alekseev, R. I. Bravina, E. N. Romanova. Novosibirsk: Science, 2020. 536 p. (in Russ.)

7. Malysheva, N. V., Bozhedonova, A. E., Starostina, Y. E. Yakut-Mongolian lexical parallels naming horse colors. Oriental Studies, 2018, vol. 11, no. 2. (in Russ.)

8. Popov, G. V. Etymological dictionary of the Yakut language. Novosibirsk: science, 2003. Part I: A – Dj. 180 p. (in Russ.)

9. Rassadin, V. I. On the Turkic influence on the composition of the cattle breeding vocabulary of the Mongolic languages. Herald of the Transbaikal State Pedagogical University. Philology, history, oriental studies, 2009, pp. 157–164. (in Russ.)

10. Rassadin, V. I. Cattle-breeding vocabulary of the Kalmyk language in comparison with Meskhetian Turkish. Herald of the Buryat State University, 2011, no. 8, pp. 83–90. (in Russ.)

11. Rassadin, V. I. Essays on the development of Turkic-Mongolic linguistic community. Part II. Mongolian influence on the vocabulary of Turkic languages. Elista: Publishing House of the Kalmyk University, 2008. 243 p. (in Russ.)

12. Comparative-historical grammar of Turkic languages. Lexicon. Ed. E. P. Tenishev. Leningrad, 1997. 798 p. (in Russ.).

13. Skrybykin, N. V. Yakut-Russian dictionary of agricultural terms. Part I. Terms of animal husbandry. Manuscript Fund, Institute for Humanities Research and Problems of Indigenous Peoples of the North SB RAS. 5, Inventory 12, unit of storage 136. (in Yakut and Russ.)

14. Shamaeva, A. E. Mongolic parallels of Yakut dialect vocabulary. Thesis of the candidate of philological sciences dissertation. Yakutsk, 2012. 23 p. (in Russ.).

15. Kaluzynski, St. Mongolische Elementen der jakutischen Sprache, Warszaw: Panstwowewydawnictwo Naukowe, 1961. 170 s.

16. Old Turkic dictionary. USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of linguistics. Leningrad: science, 1969. 676 p. (in Russ., Turk.)

17. Great academic Mongolian-Russian dictionary. In 4 Vol. Vol. 1: A – G. Moscow, 2001. 520 p. (in Mong., Russ.)

18. Great academic Mongolian-Russian dictionary. In 4 Vol. Vol. 2: D – O. Moscow, 2001. 536 p. (in Mong., Russ.)

19. Great academic Mongolian-Russian dictionary. In 4 Vol. Vol. 3: Ө – F. Moscow, 2001. 440 p. (in Mong., Russ.)

20. Great academic Mongolian-Russian dictionary. In 4 Vol. Vol. 4: Kh – Ya. Moscow, 2002. 532 p. (in Mong., Russ.)

21. Buryat-Russian dictionary. Ed. by Shagdarov L.D., Cheremisov K.M. 2010 [electronic resource] https://vk.com/wall385657478_35?ysclid=lmahxdm0vi405097752 (in Buryat, Russ.)

22. Great explanatory dictionary of the Yakut language. Vol. 2-14. Novosibirsk: Science, 2005. 909 p., 2006. 841p., 2008. 613 p., 2010. 517 p., 2011. 572 p., 2014. 525 p., 2015. 596 p., 2016. 638 p., 2017. 590 p. (in Yakut, Russ.)

23. Mongolian-Russian dictionary. Ed. by A. Luvsandendeva. Moscow, 1957. 714 p. (in Mong., Russ.)

24. Kalmyk-Russian dictionary. Moscow: Russian Language, 1977. (in Kalm., Russ.)

25. Comparative-historical grammar of Turkic languages. Vocabulary. Moscow: Science, 2001. 822 p. (in Russ.)

26. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language by M. Fasmer [electronic resource]. https://14.slovaronline.com/?ysclid=lmai3w3xzj814409077. 2021. (in Russ.)

27. Etymological dictionary of Turkic languages. Moscow, 1974. (in Russ.)

28. Luvsandorzh Bold, 1947. Recorded in Ulan-Bator.

29. B.D. Balzhinimaeva, 1987. Recorded in Ulan-Ude.

30. L.M. Denzinova, 1953. Recorded in Elista.