The paper discusses the terms «language worldview» and «language consciousness» defining the first as a linguistic phenomenon, and the second as a psycholinguistic one. The author claims that such a conceptual distinction is apt to lead to a more consistent study of images fixed in the language system and material (L. Shcherba), on one hand, and the same images regarded and approached anthropocentrically, on the other. The elaborated concept of the language consciousness unit includes five elements: object, personal sense, meaning, emotion, sensuous fabric. Based on a number of largely accepted, classical ideas of linguistics, psychology and philosophy, it is shown that the suggested language consciousness definition is applicable to revealing the consciousness inner structure. The application is illustrated by the associative experiment material. From the methodological point of view, the language consciousness implies, in contrast to the language worldview, the consideration of the methods and ways of its studying as well as the ‘speakers’ attitude to the world as expressed in speech and language. The language consciousness is thus represented in a «non-classical» way, i.e. as a complex of transitions from the interior (reflected in consciousness images) to the exterior (that is through speech actions), and vice versa with the theoretical generalization and interpretation of the transitions products.

The article gives an overview of cultural and language situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan and deals with the results of the free associative experiment conducted by the author in this country. The experiment was held in the Northern, Eastern and Central cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The choice of the cities was substantiated by the larger number of Russian-speaking citizens living there. The respondents of the experiment were university students whose average age was 19. The paper reviews the characteristics of the language consciousness of young Russian-speaking Kazakhstanis and the peculiarities of the usage of certain lexical units as associative responses. Some of the identified units refer to the local Kazakhstani and specific Kazakh culture realia. Moreover, some of the responses are given in the Kazakh language or in a form assimilated to Russian. The degree of assimilation of such words differs. Among the frequent responses the author has found the words whose degree of assimilation is so high that these words are now used as completely assimilated borrowings from Kazakh to Russian language in the language consciousness of Russian-speaking Kazakhstanis. The core of the language consciousness of Russian-speaking Kazakhstanis was compared to the models of the cores of the Russian language consciousness (based on the material of Russian associative data bases) and Kazakh language consciousness (based on the material of Kazakh associative dictionaries). This comparison showed that Russian-speaking Kazakhstanis have o lot in common - 7 out of 10 positions - with Russian respondents from Siberian and Far East parts of Russia. Moreover, the position of the first three most frequent responses in the cores of their language consciousness are similar - man , life and home . The Russian-speaking Kazakhstanis have in common 3 out of 10 positions with Kazakh respondents from the South of Kazakhstan. However, there are concepts shared by both Russian and Kazakh, which can be found in all the considered cores; these are: man , life and good .

The paper deals with the inner form of word sedkil , which means the inner psychical world of a person, his/her soul. It reflects such sphere of human activity as physical perception. The author reveals that the root * sed could refer to inspiriting, enthusiastic drive, sudden impulse of energy in breast, wish, intention to do something. The meaning of verb sedki - was developing as follows: ‘to want, to wish’ → ‘to intend’ → ‘to think, to reflect’, i.e. from enthusiastic drive to mental activity. The meaning ‘to think’ came to the fore due to inherence of ideas and wishes. Language representation of perceptual information appears as a result of the primary step of perception of oneself. It reflects mental and psychological, as well as national and cultural specifics of the Mongolian people.

The article is devoted to udivlenie ‘wonder’ as a language-specific word in order to show its specific conceptual configuration in the Russian language consciousness. According to the National Russian Corpus, wonder is explicated, in its explanatory expressions, as a cause and as a consequence in regard to related feelings and experiences, as well as situations in which it is being experienced. As many examples have shown, people are always surprised when something exceeds expectations contrary to usual opinion or attitude. In this way, wonder is not only an emotional but also a mental state as a cause (stimulus) of a corresponding emotional reaction. According to available data, udivlenie ‘wonder’ may be ordinary or extraordinary by statement; deep , strong or easy by intensity; unperceived , vague or inexplicable by the degree of awareness; genuine , sincere , cast , false or ostentatious by authenticity; calm , reserved , timid , insane or silent by external manifestation; pleasant , unpleasant , painful or heavy by physical sensations; painful , cold , arrogant or chilly by emotional and psychological experiences; innocent , naive , stupid or idiotic by the criterion of moral evaluation. In its most manifestations, udivlenie ‘wonder’ is related to different concepts like bewilderment , curiosity , admiration as well as disbelief , frustration , annoyance , outrage , condemnation , anxiety , fright and fear that refer to some typical wonder -situations in which they occur as a possible reaction to a subject of wonder: cf. wonder → joy ( frustration , outrage , etc.). The propositional model, built on the National Corpus, relies on information which includes predicates associated to udivlenie ‘wonder’ varying according to their position in the syntactic structure of a proposition. As a semantic object, wonder is compatible with the verbs test , cause , initiate , express , show , depict , obscure ; as a semantic subject, it is compatible with emerge , exude , spread , cover , borrow , erode , pass , etc.

The article examines the organismic metaphor and its derivatives within the London text of the English language and literature (i.e. the invariant textual entity for a group of texts thematically related to the British capital). The article considers the metaphors chiefly from the semantic viewpoint, and explicates why the sememe London can be combined with predicates and attributes containing the seme Animate , which seems to be incompatible with it. Such an analysis permits actualising a non-obvious dimension of London text - structuring the city as an organism, and primarily the anthropomorphous one. The research cited in the article has been carried out at the junction of the cognitive and semiotic approaches, according to which socially significant mental entities are examined via a semantic analysis of corresponding supertexts. The article draws on the literary canon of New English, a study into which has revealed continuity in the metaphors and the means of their linguistic expression that have been used by the English-speaking community to reflect and structure reality. The article thus postulates the relative stability of London text as a supertextual entity.

The article discusses the main interpretations of the concept of intertextuality, its broad and narrow understanding. The narrow meaning of the term implies references to verbal pretexts within a certain verbal text or else a stylistic device used mainly in poetry, while a broader vision takes into account all sorts of interactions between texts both verbal and non-verbal. Literary critics and specialists in language studies commonly use the narrow meaning of the term. Bakhtin, however, whose works are recognized as a basis for intertextuality theory, argued that human thought itself and communication are dialogic in their nature. To reveal cognitive foundations of intertextuality and to rationalize the variability in the meaning of the term, the article considers the provisions of the intertextuality theory in the context of modern studies in psycholinguistics, anthropology, philosophy and linguoculturology on thought and communication. The article argues that intertextuality, as it manifests itself in various forms in texts of different genres both verbal and non-verbal, is associated with some definitive features of human thinking, namely, the ability to create fictions and the desire to accumulate and transfer knowledge. Intertextuality may be an important tool used by humans to ensure cultural transmission and maintenance of norms and stereotypes. Therefore, the narrow understanding of the term does not fully reflect the nature of the phenomenon, but is useful for particular studies as an operational definition. The borders of the meaning are determined in the end by the borders of the disciplines that study the issue. For example, literary studies often count only references to verbal texts, while art historians consider both allusions to visual arts and literary works. The mechanisms involved in the process of referring to and recognizing previous verbal texts in new texts may be similar to the mechanisms of referring to and recognizing works of art. Explicit marked intertextuality may be similar to implicit unmarked one. The article suggests that further research on intertextuality within interdisciplinary studies, such as cognitive linguistics, may bring to light new facts about cognitive aspects of intertextuality, and therefore allow describing meaning construction in various cases of intertextual references.

The present paper describes automatic extraction of linguistic items we call formulaic expressions from the Russian drama texts. Particularly, by formulaic expressions (FE) we mean multiword constructions that contain no variables and are used as reactions to verbal stimuli. We consider FE to be a specific kind of constructions in the framework of Construction Grammar. Therefore, they are to be described in the Constructicon project, which is a web-platform where the constructions of one language are presented in a special way for automatic search by various aspects. To facilitate the compilation of comprehensive FE list, we developed a module for automatic FE extraction. Implementation of the module consisted of several stages, including manual annotation of dramatic texts. The first step involved describing the features of FE and their difference compared to other syntactic items such as parenthetical words, lexical verbs and meaningful parts of sentence. Afterwards, two annotators marked Fes in 24 dramatic texts and 46 texts were annotated semiautomatically. Subsequently, we used 34 dramatic texts with the highest inter-annotator agreement. The process of FE extraction involves splitting the text into the special fragments corresponding to clauses, predicting whether each fragment is an FE corresponding to a particular feature set and compiling the final list of FEs. For prediction, we use a uniform weight vote of four classifiers (Random Forest Classifier, Logistic Regression, Ridge Classifier, Support Vector Classifier), which showed the best performance compared to rule-based baseline and classifiers outside the ensemble. We also compared the prediction quality of systems based on different feature sets and used the one with all the features. The best quality currently achieved is precision 0.30 and recall 0.73 (F1-score 0.42). Further development includes improving the preprocessing stage and employing left context, where FE stimulus is located. We also consider using distributional semantic models like word2vec for word embedding and neural networks.

The paper combines the initiative of universal dependencies (UD), with the aim to promote developing cross-linguistically consistent annotation scheme of grammatical analysis. The purpose of this initiative is to simplify cross-language research methods, develop a unified interlanguage linguistic typology, and thus lay the foundations for the use of automated multilingual systems and a universal cross-language text parser. The paper points out the main problems of grammatical analysis pertinent to a multilingual text, advantages of using common language features, and purposes of the universal dependencies project. The major principles of universal dependencies are discussed based on the example of morphology and syntax features of Russian, English and German. In the second part we illustrate how to conduct a corpus research on predicatives using UD. The article proposes a technique of automatic identification of predicatives, examines their frequency distribution in the Russian UD corpus, and the semantic categorization of the most often used predicatives.

The paper is devoted to unsupervised learning and computer analysis of a natural language morphology, including automatic paradigm extraction and detection of morpheme boundaries. It describes in detail a finite-state approach implemented here. This approach has been tested on the material of the Azerbaijani language; the article discusses its results and compares them with those available in the Linguistica library on the same language.

The paper presents corpus analysis of prepositional groups with semantics «information», «statements», «report» which have evidential meaning «reportive evidentiality». Data were collected from German press corpuses from 2000 to 2016. The analysis has shown that prepositional groups with the noun «Angabe(n)» are used for reporting of official and statistical data. Prepositional groups with nouns «Bericht(e)», «Information(en)» most often refer to German press. Prepositional groups with the nouns «Information(en)», «Meldung(en)» often indicate lack of evidentiary support and informality of information.

The article deals with the translation of outdated and infrequent words in Alexander Pushkin's novel «The Shot» into the Mongolian language. This is one of the first works of Alexander Pushkin translated into Mongolian. The main purpose of this study is to identify ways to translate this kind of words from Russian into Mongolian. The method of reverse translation was used to check the accuracy of the translation of such lexicon. Several outdated and infrequent words have been found in the novel. For example, surtuk - a frock-coat, traktir - a tavern, mazanka - a wattle and daub, etc. The word frock-coat is translated as a hurem, but this word designates a jacket of Chinese or Manchu costume, the tavern is translated as guanz (Chinese word which designates a cafe, restaurant). The last word can be translated by word combination buurchiin gazar 'an inn with meals'. Among many other words, the word «mazanka» was correctly translated as shavar bayshin (literally: clay house). The Mongolian author translated this novel very well, but some outdated and infrequent words are translated inaccurately. He found his own national equivalents to such words. Unfortunately, they do not match the meanings of the words in the original text.

The present work is part of a large project devoted to the study and publication of Olga Ivanovna Orlova-Davydova’s diaries. The original notebooks of the diaries are hold by the Russian Science Library (Moscow), and hand-written copies made, presumably, during the life of the author, are kept in the State Public Scientific Technical Library (Novosibirsk). These diaries describe events related to the years 1830-1849. The tasks of the research team include an electronic marked edition of the French original text with full tagging of the linguistic corpus, its annotated translation with historical and cultural quotes, as well as a series of studies on the author's language and her bilingualism. In this article, a thorough analysis of the stages of making diary entries and their rewriting is given. The study of errors occurring at each stage allows to draw conclusions about who and when the diaries were copied.