This article marks the 175 anniversary of the famous Russian linguist Filipp Fortunatov and looks at his major findings. It is pointed out that in certain respects the scholar has contributed a lot to the linguistic science of his time. While working in the sphere of comparative linguistics, F. Fortunatov was actively involved in the studies of the Baltic-Slavic languages. In his contemplation of the sociological aspect of language, he forestalled the appearance of psycholinguistics. Concurrently, the scholar based his judgments on the then popular neogrammarian movement and the German psychological school. While analyzing the phonic aspect of the word, F. Fortunatov also used the provisions that would nowadays be deemed psycholinguistic. His contribution to the development of the theory of syntax and pedagogical ideas is undeniable, too. F. Fortunatov obviously deserves credit for having founded the Moscow linguistic school that fostered a constellation of talented scholars. Moreover, F. Fortunatov’s morphological classification of world languages is recognized as a most accurate one by modern typology. This classification was elaborated long before the linguists of the 20th century came to similar findings. The above mentioned achievements by F. Fortunatov seem to be misappreciated by Russian linguists let alone the Western ones. Russian textbooks of typology favor the morphological classification put forward by W. von Humboldt, although, as it is argued in the article, F. Fortunatov’s classification presents typological diversity of world languages more profoundly and precisely. If W. von Humboldt distinguished four language types, F. Fortunatov did five. His classification, except for minor terminological differences, overlaps with the five world language types singled out by scholars in the 20th century, in particular by V. Skalička. All this goes to say that the breakthrough in world language typology made by F. Fortunatov has really been misappreciated by modern linguistics and pedagogy.

The paper discusses the ongoing project of creating an interdisciplinary comparative dictionary of linguistic and logical terms. The dictionary includes overlapping terms used in both disciplines. The aim of the comparison consists in analyzing differences in understanding and use of the overlapping terms of linguistics and logic, and in revealing differential and integral features expressing these differences. The proposed dictionary is primarily intended for supporting interdisciplinary communication. A number of methodological issues and their solutions for this pair of scientific disciplines are discussed (defining the domains of knowledge taken into account, requirements for the metalanguage of description). As an example, the analysis of the term predicate—one of the basic terms of linguistics and logic—is presented. Six groups of differential features have been revealed and described; the tradition of the use of the term logic in linguistics and the influence of this tradition on understanding the possibilities of a predicate are considered.

The article is devoted to the issue of identifying non-verbal stress markers in oral discourse on an acute social topic. The relevance of the research is due to: 1) the growing interest of linguists in the study of linguistic manifestations of emotions and the identification of markers of various psycho-emotional states with the subsequent possibility of developing algorithms for their automatic detection; 2) the severity of the problem of stress in modern society. The novelty of the study is predetermined by the fact that it is focused on a specific type of communicative behavior (discussion of an acute social issue) studied from the perspective of multimodal linguistics postulating an inextricable link between understanding and generating messages in natural language and body actions. The goal of the paper is to identify and describe non-verbal stress markers that we call consolation gestures, allowing us to identify this psychoemotional state in the course of spontaneous oral communication. The research material is represented by 4 hours of structured interview video recordings with 11 French and 11 Russian respondents (average age – 21) on the topic of radical body positivity. The leading research method is multimodal analysis, implemented using multi-layer markup in the ELAN program. In the process of marking, the following types of layers were used: gestures, eye movements, facial expressions, verbal component, intonation. The statistical analysis of frequency and distribution of annotations have revealed the following consolation gestures: 1) stroking different parts of the body; 2) scratching different parts of the body, 3) interacting with other objects, 4) facial markers. Consolation gestures are regarded by us as a kind of body-oriented repetitive behavior disorders, which allows us to differentiate them from gestures that are hesitation/silence fillers. Thus, the following constitutive features are determined: 1) repetition of the action, 2) focus on the body, 3) features conditioned by a sense of tension or anxiety rather than by preoccupation with appearance, 4) a subsequent sense of relief and emotional discharge. The prospect of further research is seen in the expansion of experimental material through interviews with representatives of other linguocultures, followed by interpreting the results in the cross-cultural perspective.

In this paper, we attempted to adapt various well-known algorithms for keyword selection to a very specific text corpus containing abstracts of Russian academic papers from the mathematical and computer science domain. We faced several challenges including the lack of research in the field of keyword extraction for Russian, the absence of large text corpora of academic abstracts, and the insufficient length of the abstracts. Keywords are often found in the full text of the paper and can simply be highlighted, whereas abstracts may not include keywords in an explicit form. At the same time, it is abstracts that are usually in the public domain, so automatic selection of keywords from them would significantly facilitate the process of searching for papers. Moreover, an automatic keyword selection would be useful even for papers for which keywords were already specified by the authors. During the study, we found that authors often use unique keywords for their papers. This complicates their systematization on a given topic. For visualizing the results, we have created a web resource keyphrases.mca.nsu.ru, where young/beginning scholars can form an approximate list of keywords for their first research paper.

Since its inception, the Word2vec vector space has become a universal tool both for scientific and practical activities. Over time, it became clear that there is a lack of new methods for interpreting the location of words in vector spaces. The existing methods included consideration of analogies or clustering of a vector space. In recent years, an approach based on probing—analysis of the impact of small changes in the model on the result—has been actively developed. In this paper, we propose a new method for interpreting the arrangement of words in a vector space, applicable for the high-level interpretation of the entire space as a whole. The method provides for identifying the main directions which are selecting large groups of words (about a third of all the words in the model’s dictionary) and opposing them by some semantic features. The method allows us to build a shallow hierarchy of such features. We conducted our experiments on three models trained in different corpora: Russian National Corpus, Araneum Russicum and a collection of scientific articles from different subject domains. For our experiments, we used only nouns from the models’ dictionaries. The article considers an expert interpretation of such division up to the third level. The set of selected features and their hierarchy differ from model to model, but they have a lot in common. We have found that the identified semantic features depend on the texts comprising a corpus used for the model training, their subject domain, and style. The resulting division of words does not always correlate with the common sense used for ontology development. For example, one of the coinciding features is the abstract or material nature of the object. However, at the upper level of models, words are divided into everyday/special lexis, archaic lexis, proper names and common nouns. The article provides examples of words included in the derived groups.

This article is a review of the works by R. Keyes, F. I. Girenok, O. V. Khlebnikova, L. McIntyre on the issue of post-truth the author’s terminological comments. On their conceptual basis and lexical material, an attempt is made to identify the potential composition of the lexico-semantic field of this yet loosely-formed lexeme through its combinations with various nouns, indicators of its subject interpretation. English-language dictionaries define the lexeme only as an adjective, while in subject analytics it begins to be analyzed as a separate concept. With regard to its synonymic, antonymic and associative relationships, two areas of conceptual interpretation are revealed: broad and narrow. The former analyzes the discourse about post-truth from the standpoint of science and traditional ethics, developed under the influence of classical Christian texts. The narrow one, which is not considered in this review, focuses on shifts in goals, technologies, mechanisms, and, above all, the rhetoric of mass socio-political communication in the countries of the “collective West”, revealing changes in information channels both at the sender and recipient levels. The methodological specificity of the article lies in the fact that the semantic analysis of lexical units related to post-truth and its claim to novelty is carried out against the background of a historical dialogue of Anglo-American, French and Russian cultures on the issue of truth, vérité, pravda and istina, represented in the statements and quotes by writers, philosophers and scientists about these concepts. Much attention is paid, therefore, to identifying the correlation of the post-truth and truth semantics with its Russian correspondences pravda and istina not only in lexicographic sources but, first of all, in the translation of statements, made by the author.

This article examines the features of socio-political discourse based on the texts of online blogs of public opinion leaders —I. Varlamov, Yu. Latynina, R. Kadyrov, N. Mikhalkov, S. Mikheev, and M. Simonyan. The purpose of the article is to determine the degree of conflictogenicity of the texts of the Russian blogosphere, specifically the blogs of media personalities, public opinion leaders; the results obtained will provide for predicting and preventing the occurrence of conflict situations by establishing and reducing the conflict index of the text, the main indicator of which is frequency of the corresponding lexical markers. The authors distinguish several subtypes of socio-political discourse and their features. The genre specificity of such new media phenomenon as Internet blog is considered. There is a high degree of conflictogenicity in analytical texts, signaled by specific lexical markers identified with the help of the content analysis method. Foreign policy texts, regardless of their authors’ personal views, appear to have the greatest number of conflict markers, which means that political analytics, the object of consideration of which lies in the plane of international and intercultural communication, has a significant degree of conflict potential. In the Internet, as in journalism in general, the addressees of texts and the addressees of conflicting vocabulary are not the same due to the specificity of discursive space, in which direct recipients of information are blog subscribers, who as a rule have a political orientation close to that of the author. The very same conflicting vocabulary refers to persons who occupy the opposite position. The manifestation of conflictogenicity in blog texts is analyzed at three levels: stylistic, semantic and pragmatic, which makes it possible to identify all the features of conflictogenicity markers in the liberal, patriotic and official subtypes of socio-political discourse. The specificity of such features is revealed in each of the three main subtypes of the Internet discourse: liberal, patriotic and official. In the authors’ blogs under analysis, the highest index of conflict is characteristic of texts belonging to the liberal subtype of socio-political discourse due to the greater frequency of use of the units related to lexical markers of conflict, their stylistically reduced modality—up to obscene words. At the same time, the conflict nature of the patriotic and official subtypes is closer to the traditional journalism style and shows less expressiveness in the use of metaphors, irony, phraseology, words with a seme of direct negative evaluation.

In this article, we describe from linguocultural point of view phraseological units of the Russian and Chinese languages with the nominations of alcoholic beverages, which form a separate group in the thematic field “Food”; we are taking into account the priority of the anthropocentric paradigm in modern linguistics. We also study the degree of their phraseoactivity, carry out a comparative analysis of set expressions in order to identify the universal and unique in the semantics and figurativeness of these units, and consider the main types of interlingual correlation (coincidences and discrepancies) of phraseological units. The material of the study was represented by 107 Russian and 95 Chinese phraseological units with the nomination/nominations of alcoholic beverages selected in accordance with a wide understanding of phraseology by continuous sample from one- and bilingual phraseological, linguistic, explanatory and etymological dictionaries of the Chinese and Russian languages. The analysis of the studied material showed that a distinctive feature of Russian phraseologisms is a variety of nominations of alcohol (вино ‘wine’, пиво ‘beer’, мед ‘mead’, водка ‘vodka’, брага ‘mash’, хмельное ‘hoppy’), the presence of diminutive variants of the names, as well as the use of various seeds in the composition one expression. The most phraseoactive in Russian sustainable expressions is the вино (‘wine’) component (about 55 %) in two meanings: ‘grape wine’ and ‘vodka’. In the Chinese phraseology, the general designation of alcohol 酒 [jiǔ] (‘alcohol’; ‘alcoholic drinks’;‘vodka’) constitutes 95 %, all other nominations include this morpheme and are presented by isolated phenomena. The anthropocentric nature of phraseological units is reflected in the description of the properties of a human nature, personal qualities, emotional and physical state, the characteristics of social behavior and interpersonal relations. In relations of partial equivalence, about 10 % of the studied phraseologisms are located, 90 % are non-equivalent units with national and cultural originality, which is manifested in structural, grammatical, lexical, stylistic, semantic properties, as well as in figurative component.

The purpose of the article is to study metaphorical modeling of reality, one of the most effective means of verbal impact on the audience, in public speeches of the Spanish monarch Felipe VI (2014–2022) in the current political context of Spain (2017–2022). The article presents a systematic analysis of anthropomorphic, militaristic, domestic, artifact-related, orientational and spatial metaphors following the communicative strategies and ideologemes used by the Spanish King in public discourse. The study is based on J. Lakoff and M. Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphor, as well as on the ideas of A. Chudinov and E. Budaev developing political metaphorology in linguo-pragmatic and discursive perspectives. The analyzed material includes Felipe VI’s public speeches from 2014 to 2022 available on the website of the Spanish Royal House. The article states that metaphors, being a mental and linguo-social phenomenon, are widely used in modern propaganda and political discourse by state and government leaders. The results of the study show that metaphors in the Spanish monarch’s public discourse describe the constantly changing realia of political, social and economic life of the country. In the speeches delivered to the nation, metaphors promote ideas and basic principles in order to impact the addressee’s worldview, performing as a means of advocating, interpretation and cooperation strategies. Also, they can be regarded as an important characteristic of the Spanish King’s discourse because they may influence the citizens’ perception of socio-political realia. In the Spanish King’s speeches delivered abroad, metaphors are primarily used to create a positive image of Spain and convey the main principles of existence of the European Union within the framework of a country presenting and declarative strategy.

The article is concerned with linguistic means of political discourse as one of the forms of communicative interaction in society. The general notion of discourse with respect to thematic, socio-psychological and functional approaches is considered, the notion of political discourse as a specific use of communication aimed at retention of political power is also analyzed. A supposition about the importance of person-centered approach in the process of interaction between public authority and members of the society within the media landscape is made, in particular, while using social networks, creating an illusion of intimacy and targeted communication of a politician with a member of potential electorate. Modern political communication is not so much based on topic-oriented language system as is determined by emotional stylistic format clearly seen in the choice of original linguistic means. In order to analyze linguistic material, a number of methods have been used: the method of componential analysis, contextual analysis and intent analysis in combination with personological approach to the estimation of politicians’ personalities and their professional activities, which made it possible to determine the specificity of cultural-situational functioning of neologisms in media. The analysis of political neologisms from the point of view of their semantics with the emphasis on evaluative and national-cultural components of connotative meaning as well as the linguopragmatic effect of their usage seems to be high on the agenda. The introduction of neologisms gives prominence and a certain competitive advantage to speakers thanks to creating an expressive effect and the consequent imprinting of neologisms in the linguocognitive worldview of recipients. Two groups of neologisms with explicitly (containing related semantic components of meaning) and implicitly (on the base of extralinguistic factors) expressed negative evaluation have been distinguished: socio-political neologisms and personological political neologisms. It is stated that political neologisms obtain stimulating and manipulative potential and can not only serve as triggers to social activity but can also be a means of manipulation with the purpose of reinforcing cognitive stereotypes. Personological slang neonominations are notable for significant stability of referential meaning, high frequency of usage due to simplicity of word form and easiness of memory retention since they often reflect common value orientations of ordinary carriers of mass consciousness.